Collecting millipedes in Vietnam (part 2)


Temple complex in Tam Đảo National Park

Our next stop took us higher into the mountains, and we found ourselves in Tam Đảo National Park. After a beautiful drive up, we found ourselves above the clouds and were eager to begin collecting. On our first day we hiked up the mountainside past a beautiful temple complex shrouded in mist, and begun our search. Not too long after we started, we happened upon a millipede in the family Polydesmidae, and I was overjoyed. While not Parariukiaria, it will prove useful for my own research with North American representatives of the family.

A millipede in the family Polydesmidae

As we collected, the rain hit us for the first time during our trip. We had been wondering where all the rain was, and apparently it was hiding up here. We were drenched within minutes, even with rain gear, but after a thorough soaking it doesn’t become quite so uncomfortable. We couldn’t help noticing the massive beetle grubs throughout the area, and uncovered dozens as we searched through the soil.

Jackson poses before all the rain hits

Big ol’ beetles everywhere

We spent our last few days in Vietnam at Tam Đảo, but never did find any individuals of Parariukiaria. We did luck out with finding more giant pill millipedes, many Paradoxosomatidae, and other interesting millipedes, such as the feather millipedes in the family Platydesmidae, however, and this kept our spirits up. I was also lucky enough to run into a gorgeous stag beetle on the mountain one day, which was a nice surprise. A surprise that wasn’t quite as nice were the wasps on the mountainside, which became combative towards Jackson as he tried to pass by them. And of course, we made time one night to go sing karaoke (it was excellent).

Looking up in a bamboo forest

Suddenly, a stag beetle appeared!

Centipedes in the order Scutigeromorpha get much bigger in the tropics

By the time we made it back to Hanoi, we were exhausted from our collecting, but we had a lot to show for it. We had successfully collected many families of millipedes not found in North America, and had many specimens to augment our research. While we weren’t able to collect any Asian Xystodesmidae, the local scientists who joined us on our collecting trips made plans to look for it during a different season, solidifying our international collaboration. And with that, all that separated us from being home was a solid 26 hours of travel. Once we were back in Virginia, we decided to take the next day off to rest.

 

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The Rush of Discovery

Post by PhD student Jackson Means who is an expert in the taxonomy of Nannaria

Taxonomy, the naming and description of species, can be a tedious and exhausting undertaking. When one does taxonomy there are often long periods of intense focus, frequently while hunched over, staring through a microscope. Each morphological structure must be accurately documented, illustrated and compared to those of other species. DNA must be extracted, sequenced and run through complex phylogenetic analyses. There is a peace and beauty to the process, but to many, the amount of work and tedium would make the whole endeavor unpalatable. However, there is one thing that even the least taxonomically-inclined individual would find rewarding: the white-hot rush of discovery.


Fig. 1: The elusive Oenomaea pulchella (Bollman, 1889)

There exist few feelings as intense and wonderful as finding something that has never been described by science, or rediscovering a species that hasn’t been seen in decades. Oenomaea pulchella, which unfortunately lacks a common name, was one such species.  Last collected in the 70’s by the renowned diplopodologist Rowland Shelley, O. pulchella is believed to be the closest living relative to a genus that we are in the process of revising, Nannaria, and has been something of a white whale for myself and my fellow lab mates for the past two years. Miraculously, this past weekend I found 13 individuals in the small Tennessee town of Bulls Gap. They were under a thin layer of mud in a trash-ridden swamp that I honestly thought was a terrible spot for collecting, but it was a last-ditch effort at the end of a long day. At first I couldn’t believe what I was holding in my hands, at just over 25 mm O. pulchella is not the easiest millipede to identify. But it’s bright coloration made it instantly recognizable as something different than the comparably drab Nannaria (Fig. 2). That rush never gets old, and I feel it every time I find a new Nannaria species, but not since my first new species have I felt that excited. Now on to the next white whale, Rhysodesmus restrans!


Fig. 2: An undescribed species of the genus Nannaria Chamberlin, 1918

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Mediterranean recluse spider

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Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820), the Mediterranean recluse spider

Last month, I found this spider in Seitz Hall on the campus of Virginia Tech where we house the Virginia Tech Insect Collection. At first glance, I thought it was a Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940), but sent the specimen to Matt Bertone at North Carolina State University, who determined it was the Mediterranean recluse.

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The Arthropod Museum in the Department of Entomology at the University of Arkansas has a nice article about the two species and how to tell them apart. The Mediterranean recluse is an introduced spider with origins in the Mediterranean region, but it is well established in many places. Another introduced species of arthropod from the Mediterranean region is the fleet-footed House centipede Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758). As both are predators, I imagine them battling it out for the delectable cockroaches and silverfish prey running around.

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Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758), the House centipede

 

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Cedar glade mimic millipede

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Cedar glade mimic millipede

This millipede is the species Brachoria cedra Keeton, 1959 from the The Cedars Natural Area Preserve in Lee County, Virginia. The Cedars Preserve is a wonderful limestone glade habitat, and it gets its name from the Eastern redcedar growing in the area (Juniperus virginiana L.). The millipede is officially listed as a state threatened species in the state.

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